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2 Billion Years in Five Days

Where astrophysics meets supercomputers.

The OzSTAR supercomputer.

May 2022

Anthony Arnold
University of Queensland
School of Maths and Physics

Fun Fact

Nyeeruna chases the Yugarilya sisters across the sky and is challenged by Kambugudha.

Hamacher, D. W., 2017, Observations of red-giant variable stars by Aboriginal Australians, The Australian Journal of Anthropology.

Orion, Taurus and Pleiades

What is Gravity?

What goes up must come down.

Gravity is a Force

Gravitational field

Gravity is a Weak

Newton's Law

Universal Gravitation

$$F = G\frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}$$

Two-body Motion

It's easy to do with maths.

Three-body motion?

No analytical solution.

Numerical Methods

Getting an approximation.

Strategy:

  1. Get everyone's acceleration.
  2. Update everyone's velocity a little bit.
  3. Move everyone a little bit.
  4. Repeat until done.

The first N-Body simulations (Holmberg 1941) used light bulbs on a table.

Light bulb

Now we use computers.

The OzSTAR supercomputer.

OzSTAR courtesy of Swinburne University.

As N gets bigger

[click me]

How long would this all take for a realistic cluster of stars?

  • \(10^6\) stars \(= 10^{12}\) calculations per step.
  • \(10^{15}\) steps \(= 10^{27}\) calculations in total.
  • \(3 \times 10^9\) calculations/s = 10 Gyrs.
Guess I'll die
I don't have that much time!
One solution is to use better hardware. It's still not fast enough.
A GPGPU

Better Algorithms

The red stars are so far away, we can approximate.

Better Algorithms

The red star is isolated and can be updated less frequently.

My Code

A plot showing that my code is twice as good as the old code.

Globular Clusters

The final simulated state (present day) is not the same as observations. What are we missing? Computer programmer
There is still more work to do.

Fun Fact

Sir Thomas Brisbane

Sir Thomas Brisbane, Governor of New South Wales 1821 - 1825, was an astronomer.